Impact of Estrogen Withdrawal and Replacement in Female Mice along the Intestinal Tract. Comparison of E2 Replacement with the Effect of a Mixture of Low Dose Pollutants

Postmenopausal women represent a vulnerable population towards endocrine disruptors due to hormonal deficit. We previously demonstrated that chronic exposure of ovariectomized C57Bl6/J mice fed high-fat, high-sucrose diet low-dose mixture chemicals with one dioxin, polychlorobiphenyl, phthalate, and bisphenol A triggered metabolic alterations in the liver but intestine was not explored. Yet, gastrointestinal tract is main route by which pollutants enter body. In present study, we investigated consequences ovarian withdrawal E2 replacement on various gut segments along investigating impact pollutants. showed genes encoding estrogen receptors (Esr1, Gper1 Esr2), xenobiotic processing (e.g., Cyp3a11, Cyp2b10), related homeostasis jejunum Cd36, Got2, Mmp7) bile acid biosynthesis Fgf15, Slc10a2) Abcb11, Slc10a1) were under regulation. Exposure mimicked some effects replacement, particularly ileum Esr1, Nr1c1) suggesting had estrogen-mimetic activities. The findings have important implications for understanding estrogen-dependent regards situations loss estrogens as observed after menopause.